Free Essays on Computer History

The Computer Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U.S. and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of people's lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computer's ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to "programming" rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first "digital calculating machine". It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father who was a tax collector (Soma, 32). In the early 1800's, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed by-and stored data on-cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called ÒpunchcardsÓ. His inventions were failures for the most part because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device (Soma, 46). After Babbage, people began to lose interest in com... Free Essays on Computer History Free Essays on Computer History The Computer Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U.S. and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of people's lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computer's ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to "programming" rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first "digital calculating machine". It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father who was a tax collector (Soma, 32). In the early 1800's, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed by-and stored data on-cards with holes punched in them, appropriately called ÒpunchcardsÓ. His inventions were failures for the most part because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for such a device (Soma, 46). After Babbage, people began to lose interest in com...

Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic †Literature Essay

Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic Literature Essay The story Beowulf is a classic example of an epic. An epic is a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society. The tone of an epic is serious and uses language that is magnificent. Many elements in Beowulf display the common characteristics of what makes a story an epic. First of all, every story that is an epic has a hero who strongly identifies with a particular people or society. In Beowulf our hero Beowulf identifies with the Anglo-Saxons. One belief they have is bravery. Beowulf and his men exhibit this when they hear of Grendels deadly attacks on Herot hall and henceforth prepare a ship to sail to Denmark. Another one of their beliefs is loyalty towards their family, clan, or kingdom. Their need of loyalty stems from a need to protect one another. Beowulf shows loyalty when he helps the kingdom that his father had served. Additionally, Beowulf displays his loyalty to his people when he states my people have said / †¦that my duty was to go to the Danes / Great king (ll 149, 150, 151) while he is talking to King Hrothgar. Furthermore, the hero in an epic performs great deeds in battle or undertakes an extraordinary journey. Sometimes gods or other fantastical creatures are part of the action, too. Beowulf performs many fantastic feats, including fighting Grendel and then Grendels mom. When he remarks that he hears †¦the monsters scorn of men / Is so great that he needs no weapons†¦ (ll 167, 168) Beowulf announces Nor will I†¦ / My hands / Alone shall fight for me (ll 169, 172, 173). Although Grendel is extremely powerful and dulls all weapons useless, Beowulf is still able to defeat him. In addition, epics use heightened language and their setting is either broad or sweeping. The language usage in Beowulf is incredibly sharp. A good example comes when the author refers to Grendels terrorizing attacks as Twelve winters of grief for Hrothgar, king / Of the Danes, sorrow heaped at his door / By hell forged hands (ll 62, 63, 64). The setting of Beowulf is broad as Beowulf goes many places. He competes against Brecca in the deepest seas then departs to Denmark in order to battle Grendel. Next, he proceeds to Grendels moms terrible home to overcome her too. In his last battle, Beowulf heads to the tower under the rocky cliffs to fight the dragon. In conclusion Beowulf has every aspect of an epic. Without one of them, it would not be an epic. All of these characteristics together contribute to this story classifying as an epic. Therefore, with the above evidence, Beowulf is an epic in every way. Research Papers on Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic - Literature EssayHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Response Paper - Essay Example .., University of..., [Address] Contact: Abstract The question of salvation by faith as opposed to salvation by the deeds have historically bothered Christian theologians of various stripes for centuries, being one of the key doctrinal issues in the Reformation debates. The purpose of this paper is to examine the key tenets of both doctrines, as laid out in respective epistles by Apostles Paul and James the Lord’s Brother, in order to support the author’s own view on this matter. Keywords: Pauline Christianity, salvation, faith, Epistles, James, Paul Salvation by Faith and Salvation by the Deeds: Paul’s and James’ Debate The problem of salvation and the exact requirements thereof have always baffled the Christian theologians and lay people alike. Its significance for the Christian doctrine cannot be overemphasized, because it is this aspect that represents a foundation for a Christian understanding of human connection with the Divine. Therefore any solutio n proposed for the definition of salvation and its requirements is bound to generate a vigorous theological debate. The two approaches to the issue of salvation that are most frequently found in doctrinal tenets of various Christian denominations is that of salvation by faith alone and the one of salvation by the deeds or works. ... As it is well-known, the main point of this Epistle is the one of a contrast between the former sinful ways of the Gentile Christians that used to be Pagans before forming part of the Church (Patzia, 2011). The ‘spiritual death’ that was once their fate before they awakened in Christ is conceived as having been lifted from this new believers by the grace of God alone, as it is affirmed that in the other case their souls would continue to be prey to Satan’s depredations (Patzia, 2011). Consequently, the new life of â€Å"good works† (Ephesians 2:10 New International Version) that the believers were bestowed with by God is not the result of the efforts of their own, but purely a Divine gift to them. Paul seems to proceed from counterpoising the world of flesh and â€Å"the cravings of our flesh† (Ephesians 2:3 New International Version) to the universe of God’s grace and mercy that are alone capable of delivering the believer from the clutches o f Satan, â€Å"the ruler of the kingdom of air† (Ephesians 2:2 New International Version). In this, Paul excludes the possibility of attaining salvation by one’s own works, as human flesh is inextricably bound to the world ruled by Satan and his minions. The famed quotation by Paul, referring to the fact that the salvation is carried out â€Å"by grace, through faith†, without any willful input by the believer, is the most vivid example of such Pauline reasoning. The Apostle apparently gives another reason for such phenomenon with regard to salvation, noting that salvation comes â€Å"not from works, so that no one can boast† (Ephesians 2:8 New International Version). In a more metaphysical sense,

Global Competitiveness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Competitiveness - Assignment Example Being competitive in respective career may translate to the company’s competitiveness and then to the country’s competitiveness globally as well. Definition Meredith and Shafer (2010) defined competitiveness in several ways. First, competitiveness is the firm or organization’s long term viability. Second, it may be contextually viewed as the current success of a firm in the marketplace measured by profitability and market share. Lastly, competitiveness of a nation may be seen in its aggregate success in all markets. Thus, global competitiveness is the current and aggregate success plus long term viability in the over-all market. According to the US President’s Council on Industrial Competitiveness (1985) and cited by Meredith and Shafer (2010), competitiveness for a nation is the degree in which it can produce goods and services that meet international standards while maintaining income of the citizens. Aspects considered under competitiveness globally inc lude operations, management, customer value and various strategies and approaches essential in the market (Meredith & Shafer, 2010). ... It is me giving the edge as a sales representative for the clients and the company as well. Global competitiveness is St Jude Medical offering products of high quality but with competitive price compared to similar health care products provided by other manufacturers not only in the US but also around the world. It would not be all about the monetary aspect but competitiveness globally would also include holistic development of the company. It is fulfilling St. Jude Medical’s mission of sustainability focus thereby having the opportunity to connect business processes and human capital in conjunction with economic growth, production of safe and reliable products, plus social and environmental responsibilities. Global Competitiveness in My Career As a sales representative of St. Jude Medical, global competitiveness means assuring customers of good quality products, constantly innovating and by having focus on the company’s core capabilities. These activities would not onl y make me competitively in terms of career but would also contribute to St Jude Medical’s competitiveness and also the country as well. First, customer satisfaction must always be guaranteed by having quality medical products and giving customers what they want. As stated by Kinaxis Corporation (2009), because of the internet and the social media as well, the customers are now more empowered to get what they want. Also, before offering the product, I must assure myself that the product conforms to certain standards like what Schonberger (n.d.) compiled as a list of multiple quality dimensions that customers associate with products (as cited by Meredith & Shafer, 2010).

The Effects of Eating Fast Food Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Eating Fast Food Essay Americans have been choosing fast food as a replacement for classic homemade meals for many of years. It is fast and convenient, but the negative effects outweigh the good effects by a long shot. Eating fast food daily affects Americans’ health, diet, leaves a hole in their pocket, and even changes their everyday mood. The effects might not be seen right away, but after time they will start to add up. It has been proved that replacing a homemade meal with fast food has had a huge effect on Americans’ health. It does not take a scientist to figure out that fast food is not a good choice. Basically, fast food is high in calories, salt, sodium, and fat. This can cause weight gain and diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and that is just naming a few. A survey of how often Americans ate fast food in the last 60 days states that 25% of Americans have eaten fast food everyday and it is only rising (Ludwig). If we do not act soon about this, the numbers can only get worse. Fast food has changed America as a whole but it affects their diet the most. Fast food contains double the amount of calories as home cooked meals do. A 2007 survey from Hara Marano’s journal, â€Å"The Far Reach Of Fast Food,† found that the average fast food lunch in New York totaled 827 calories. That is almost half of an average American’s daily calorie intake. With more and more fast food commercials advertising a new burger or a new sandwich, it makes it even more tempting to make a quick stop at a fast food restaurant. Students who have open campuses at schools or colleges over Schell 5 the lunch period are pretty much obligated to go for fast food. They are short on time and need something fast and cheap. It may seem like a plus at first. Fast and cheap food, why not? Students are so short on time they tend to forget about what they are putting in their mouth. Americans are spending $110 billion annually on fast food, as stated by Marcella and Greta’s article, â€Å"Avoid The Fast Food Trap. † Money spent on fast food could go towards payments for a higher education, mortgage, computers, or new automobiles. Which is a better choice? 5. 6% of Americans’ income goes to fast food (Durand ). For a person to realize how much of their money is going to fast food, save it instead and count it after a few months. It is amazing how much money is being spent on food. After filling up after a quick meal, the feeling is often happy or satisfied. That feeling will not last for long because it also causes depression. According to Kelly Brownell’s article, â€Å"In Your Face: How the Food Industry Drives Us to Eat,†it is a proven fact that fat, greasy food can negatively change a mood. It also stated that if an average American eats it at least three times a week he or she is 50% more likely to develop depression. This is a lose-lose situation because eating a lot of fast food is proven to cause depression, but Americans who are depressed tend to turn to food. Some can completely disagree on every negative effect that was stated above. They argue that it is cheap and affordable and it makes your children happy. They must have not thought about the prices of their hospital bills once they develop diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or become obese. They argue Schell 6 that it makes your children happy, so why not give them what they want. If they get what they want while growing up they will soon become used to it and will think of fast food as an everyday meal. Not to mention, restaurants that serve fast food provide Americans with job opportunities. That is one positive effect of the rising fast food restaurants being built. Therefore, the unemployed will be able to get an easy job causing the unemployment rate to go down. However, working around food only makes it more tempting to eat a quick burger or scarf down a few fries on break. Lastly, Americans should realize that the bad factors outweigh the good when it comes to eating fast food every single day. Also that it is not worth replacing the classic, tasty homemade meals. Saving more time by going through the drive thru sounds more important at the time but it is not worth it in the end. A homemade meal takes, at the most, 60 minutes of an American’s day to make a healthier, tastier meal. Fast food affects Americans’ long term health. It changes their diet and it soon becomes hard to control. It is proven that it causes depression and it starts to take a toll on your wallet.

We Are What We Know :: Culture Death Cultural Essays

We Are What We Know " I screamed incoherently from fear and frustration regarding my predicament," (Arthur 5), when suddenly the word death became morbid reality. Death is a disgusting, sad word that strikes people when least expected. When my grandmother passed on to eternity a few days ago, I realized that one of the four links I had to my cultural background was gone. Despite one of the links being severed, my cultural beliefs, knowledge and lineage is clear and important to me. Although she is gone now, she has taught me, and left me with the knowledge of who I am. Through the constant celebration of cultural customs, I am well acquainted with my heritage and identity. One could only imagine a more beautiful place than the one my family and I come from. With continual blue skies and golden grain growing further than a human eye can see, Ukraine is known as the breadbasket of Europe. It stretches from the Carpathian Mountains on the west to the Caucasus Mountains on the east, just north of the Black Sea. Through out history many Europeans and Asians have invaded Ukraine. They wanted to control its rich farmland and mineral resources. Ukraine has withstood border disputes with other surrounding Slavic countries. Since 1700, the Ukrainians belonged to czarist Russia, and western Ukraine lay in the Austrian Empire. In 1917, czarist Russia fell and Ukrainian tried to set up their own nation. During World War I, Ukraine became the battleground for the Poles who together fought the Bolsheviks. Ukraine also was the battleground for World War II, with Ukraine falling into the hands of Soviet control. It was during that time that my grandparents and great gr andparents were forced to leave everything behind and flee their burning homes and villages with only their clothes on their backs. Landing up in a Displaced Persons Camp in Germany in 1949, they settled there with others Ukrainian families awaiting host families to sponsor their journey to America, the home of the free. They may have had only few possessions with them, but when our family landed at a Mennonite farm in Ohio, they brought with them their ethnic heritage, culture, identity. America was a land that accepted all ethnic people, giving the immigrants the opportunity to make a better life. My grandfather, who was the studious one, was not much help on the farm.

Oligopoly versus monopoly competition Essay

Differences Between Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Market Structures Market structure refers to the interconnected characteristics of a market, which include the number of firms, level and forms of competition and extent of product differentiation (Business Dictionary, 2012). Based on these parameters, several market structures are defined and this essay will focus on two of them, namely monopolistic competition and oligopolistic markets, by discussing the differences among them and their impact on the customers. Oligopolistic market is defined as a market that is dominated by few large firms, and that these firms are mutually dependent, where they have to monitor the actions of other competitors closely and act accordingly in response to that (Ison and Wall, 2007). These firms target bigger markets, at regional, national and even international level. Examples of oligopolistic markets include airline, petroleum and bank industries (Economics Online, 2012). On the other hand, monopolistic competition market refers to a market with large number of firms, each producing slightly different product, i. e. their products are unique in its own right and hence the firms have a certain degree of monopoly power (Ison and Wall, 2007). In general, these firms target a smaller market size, say at a local or regional level (Economics Online, 2012). For example, restaurants, hair saloons and boutiques are all examples under this market structure. Firms in oligopoly market have a certain degree of control over the price of their products (Ison and Wall, 2007). However, there is interdependence in price making between the firms. For non-collusive oligopoly, any price making decision will have to take into account the likely reaction of the other firms to ensure market share (Economics Online, 2012). Hence, there is a potential for price war, where the firms try to beat each other by lowering the price, without any increase in demand for their products, as illustrated by the Kinked Demand Curve (Figure 1; Economics Help, 2012). Such circumstance is undesirable as their profits might be diminished and the consumers will be the only beneficiaries. In contrast, in the case of collusive oligopoly, the firms collude among themselves by agreeing on a price of products to avoid price war. Owing to the significant market share they own, they can set the price high to gain supernormal profit (Geoff Riley, 2006). Figure 1. Kinked demand curve (Economics Help, 2012). In monopolistic competition, the firms have only little control over the price (Ison and Wall, 2007). This is because the extensive differentiation of products means the firms face constant competition from others, and may easily be replaced if their price is deemed unreasonable, despite certain unique features of their products. Oligopoly and monopolistic competition market structures also differ in term of profit making. Firms in oligopolistic can make supernormal profit all the time and there are several reasons to this (Ison and Wall, 2007; Amos Web, 2012). Firstly, they own significant market share in a huge market, therefore the sales volume is high. Secondly, average cost of production is low as they produce in bulk. Thirdly, as discussed before, they have the ability to set price, especially in the case of collusive oligopoly (Amos Web, 2012). For instance, Tesco is a chain supermarket that is found everywhere in the UK (hence huge market size) and as they purchase their products from suppliers in bulk, the cost is kept at minimum, thereby maximising their profits (Mearday, 2009). In contrast, for monopolistic competition, profit making is not for sure. However, theoretically speaking, there are two stages to the profit making by firms in monopolistic competition (Ison and Wall, 2012; Bized, 2001). In short run, the firms can set the price high to obtain supernormal profit (represented by shaded region in Figure 2A). As the abnormal profit they make in short run attracts many potential rivals, the firms must then set the price low to stay competitive in long run (Figure 2B). For example, in Canada, the price of personal computers was very expensive when they were first introduced into the market, but as the number of computer manufacturers increased, the price of personal computers has been declining over the past decade (Figure 3; Statistics Canada, 2011). B B A A Cost Cost Price Price Figure 2. (A) Profit maximisation in short run in monopolistic competition. (B) Normal profit making in long run in monopolistic competition (Bized, 2001). Figure 3. Change of computer price by different purchasers. (Statistics Canada, 2011). Mode of competition is also different between the firms in oligopoly and monopolistic competition. Oligopoly is characterized by imperfect competition, mainly due to high barriers for entry to market (Economics Online, 2012). This is due to various reasons including exclusive resources ownership, extensive relevant knowledge, patent and copyright, other government restrictions, managerial challenge and high start-up cost. (Economics Online, 2012; Amos Web, 2012). Airline industry is a typical example of that, as setting up an airline companies requires huge financial resource and compliance to strict rules and regulations imposed by the authority (Amos Web, 2012). For example, in Malaysia, the second airline, AirAsia was only established in 2001 (AirAsia, 2012), 46 years after the establishment of Malaysia Airline in 1947 (Malaysia Airline, 2012). In contrast, there is near perfect competition in monopolistic competition market, as there is freedom to enter or exit the market due to low entry barrier (Economic Online, 2012; Amos Web, 2012). As opposed to oligopolistic market, the start up cost for firms in monopolistic competition market is much lower, as the market size they target is smaller (Ison and Wall, 2007; Economic Online, 2012). Also, as discussed before, product differentiation in this market means each firm has a somewhat unique product, fulfilling the demand of a certain group of consumers in the market. Moreover, there is less restriction from the government and starting firm does not require exclusive knowledge. For example, one can easily open a restaurant, as long as he or she has a unique menu to offer. In conclusion, oligopoly and monopolistic competition represents two distinct market structures. From consumers’ point of view, monopolistic competition is more preferable. Through monopolistic competition among the firms, consumers enjoy to choose from a wider range of products, which are available at more competitive prices. This is because the firms always try to enhance their products with better innovation and keep their prices down to attract customers. Oligopoly on the other hand is less desirable for consumers as products can often be overly-priced since the firms have a greater control over price. References: 1. Business Dictionary (2012) Market Structure. BusinessDictionary. com. Retrieved on 6th March 2012, from: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/market-structure. html#ixzz1olN7AqYq . 2. Mearday, J. (2009) Characteristic of Monopolistic Competition – Welker’s Wikinomi. Retrieved on 2nd March 2012, from: http://welkerswikinomics. wetpaint. com/page/Characteristics+of+Monopolistic+Competition 3. Riley, G. (2006) Oligopoly – Overview. Tutor2u. Retrieved on 5th March 2012, from: http://tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-oligopoly-overview. html. 4. Riley, G. (2006) Monopoly & Economic Efficiency. Tutor2u. Retrieved on 12th March 2012, from: http://tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-monopoly-economic-efficiency. html. 5. Amos Web Encyclonomic (2012) Oligopoly, Characteristics. AmosWeb Encyclonopic Webpedia. Retrieved on 7th March 2012, from: http://www.amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpd&c=dsp&k=oligopoly,+characteristics . 6. Amos Web Encyclonomic (2012) Monopolistic Competition, Characteristics. AmosWeb Encyclonopic Webpedia. Retrieved on 8th March 2012, from: http://www. amosweb. com/cgi-bin/awb_nav. pl? s=wpd&c=dsp&k=monopolistic+competition,+characteristics . 7. Ison, S. and Wall, S. (2007) Economics (Fourth Edition), Prentice Hall, London. 8. Malaysia Airline (2012) Cooperate Info – Our Story. Malaysia Airlines. Retrieved from 12th March 2012 http://www. malaysiaairlines.com/uk/en/corporate-info/our-story. html 9. AirAsia (2012) Company Profile. Airasia. com. Retrieved on 12th March 2012. http://www. airasia. com/gb/en/corporate/corporateprofile. page. 10. Economics online (2012) Oligopoly. Economics Online. Retrieved on 12th March 2012, from: http://economicsonline. co. uk/Business_economics/Oligopoly. html. 11. Economics online (2012) Monopolistic Competition. Economics Online. Retrieved on 12th March 2012, from: http://economicsonline. co. uk/Business_economics/Monopolistic_competition. html . 12. Statistics Canada (2011) Computer prices continue their decline. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 13th March 2012, from http://www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/11-402-x/2011000/chap/information/information02-eng. htm . 13. Economics Help (2012) Oligopoly. Economics. Help. Retrieved on 13th March 2012, from: http://www. economicshelp. org/microessays/markets/oligopoly. html . 14. Bized (2001) Monopolistic Competition – Short run to long run. Biz/ed. Retrieved on 13th March 2012, from http://www. bized. co. uk/reference/diagrams/Monopolistic-Competition—Short-Run-to-Long-Run.

Psycho – Shower scene study

This scene starts with Marion Crane, wearing a glossy robe. She is seated at the desk in her hotel room with pencil, paper and a bankbook. She is calculating the amount of stolen money she spent and must replace. She tears up the sheet of paper and is about to toss it into the wastebasket, but thinks better of it and takes it to the bathroom where she flushes it down the toilet. (I think this symbolises that she thinks she can just flush away her worries like she flushes away the piece of paper) She then closes the door, removes her robe, and steps into the bathtub. She draws the shower curtain closed and unwraps a bar of soap. She turns on the shower. You can see the joy in Crane's eyes as the water runs through her hair and down her body, this symbolises Crane is washing all her guilt away. The guilt is both from the money she stole and her affair with Sam, her lover. As she is showering, through the translucent shower curtain we see the door open. This starts the build up of suspense. A shadow slowly approaches, adding further to the suspense, Crane is facing away from the attacker. Crane is ironically ignorant of the imminent danger approaching her. The attacker pauses for 6 – 10 seconds before swiftly throwing open the shower curtain. At this moment high pitched music played by violins starts to play. The camera zooms to a close up shot of the attackers face, the attacker is in the shadow, only her (attacker) figure, hair and eyes can be seen. The eyes look vengeful. The camera then switches to a close up shot of Crane's screaming face, the camera then moves to an extreme close up of Crane's wide open screaming mouth. This shows the terror and fright installed on Crane by the attacker. The attacker then brings her knife backwards and lunges at Crane with the knife, the attacker only uses her arm, the rest of her body stays as solid as a rock. This shows the attacker is very calm. The attacker and Crane are contrapuntal. The attacker lunges with the knife once again, but Crane squirms attempting to dodge the knife. Crane flails her arms defencelessly; her face is contorted with fear as the attacker stabs faster. Whilst Crane is trying to push the knife away from her body, she is slipping on the wet floor of the bathtub. Crane tries to cover her breasts from the attacker with one arm whilst attempting to ward off the blows with the other, this is when the diegetic sound of the knife stabbing Crane starts. Marion loses her strength, the attackers blows strike unguarded. Crane continues to writhe in pain, as the knife starts to make contact with her skin. Crane face is knotted due to the pain. She grimaces as the knife stabs faster and harder. The knife is now seen being thrust at Crane's stomach. Her face crumples once again. The knife is now seen being lunged at Crane's ribs. Crane screams as the knife makes contact. Crane is then seen slipping in her own blood; I think this ands hysteria and irony to the scene. Her feet move rapidly and nervously, Crane subsequently turns away from the attacker this suggests Crane is desperate to get away from her. The attacker stabs crane in the back, bringing back the cruel reality, she cannot escape. The camera switches to Crane's feet where once again she is slipping in her blood. The camera then switches to a close up shot of Crane's hand grabbing at the wall. As the attacker leaves the room the audience notice she is wearing a dressing gown and slippers, she has her hair in a tight bun. The shrieking violin music stops, indicating the murder is over, the music changes to ominous bass representing Crane is dying. Crane's hand slowly slides down the wall as the fingertips struggle against the weight of Crane's own body. Crane is dying, she doesn't have the strength to use her hand anymore, it falls lifeless to the bottom of the bathtub. Crane then turns around and rests her body on the ceramic tiles. Crane's face is as solemn as a morgue; her body left with little life slowly slides down the wall. Crane's expression is constant. Every few seconds her flesh desperately clings to the wet tiles but once again the body weight pulls her down. This makes the audience feel pity for Crane. Nothing can support Crane's body, Crane gulps like a fish out of water, she knows the end is near. Crane gathers all her strength and reaches out to use the shower curtain to pull herself up. A close up of crane's hand clasping on to the shower curtain is shown. Her final attempt fails; the shower curtain is pops of the shower rail hooks. Crane's naked wounded body falls forward, sprawled half over the bathtub half over the bathroom floor. The ominous bass stops, all the audience can hear is the diegetic sound of the shower. The camera moves for a close up of the shower still flowing. I think this symbolises that life moves on, the world has not changed apart from her absence. The next shot is of blood from Crane's corpse running down the bathtub. The camera would follow the blood down the drain but an extreme close up of Crane's eye stops us. This reminds us of the murder which has taken place. The camera zooms out showing the whole of Crane's cold, shocked face pressed against the bathroom floor. Water runs from cranes hair past her eyes, it seems from the audiences' perspective that Crane is crying. Crane's face is as motionless as a photograph. A brief shot of the shower follows. The camera moves from the bathroom to Crane's bedroom at the Bates Motel the camera then zooms for a close up shot of the newspaper where Crane hid the money that she stole. Hitchcock is reminding us of the reason for Crane's death. If Crane hadn't stolen the money she would be at home probably in bed. If Crane had not been murdered she would have returned home the next day with the money she stole and a good excuse. Her life would have probably sorted itself out. This reflects on the whole shower scene as a whole. The trauma, hysteria and reality caused by the event. The shower scene gives psychological fear to the audience, they can relate to the shower scene because the audience have showers. Crane was an ordinary person with an ordinary job. This is why this scene is celebrated as a masterpiece in modern times. I was hesitant to pull the shower curtain shut after I watched the scene; I imagine the fear was even greater in the 1960 s because no film like this had ever been made. It was the first true horror movie.

4 Tips to Ensure Your Job Application Doesnt Get Tossed

4 Tips to Ensure Your Job Application Doesnt Get Tossed Job Application Essays Many job applications require that you answer an extensive set of essay questions, even before you get an interview. These questions might transport you back to the days of college essay applications – days you may have thought were safely behind you. Are you faced with a list of questions to answer on a job application? Read the following carefully: The absolute most important thing you can do – in fact you MUST do – on that application is to answer the questions. When I say â€Å"answer the questions,† I don’t mean write something in the box provided. I mean answer the questions. Tip #1: Answer Whats Being Asked Seems simple enough, right? But many of the job applications I review make a cardinal error. Sure, there’s an answer in the box provided, but it’s an answer to some other question than the one the company has asked. For instance, one company asked the candidate to speak of a measure an employer had set and to report how he had compared to that measure. The candidate wrote about the measure and then reported how he had measured up to other people in the company instead of to the standard itself. Red flag goes up – it sounds like this candidate is hiding something. And he was. I coached him to tell the truth, and we found a way to state it so that it still sounded impressive! Tip #2: Follow the Instructions I once gave a talk to a group of students applying to law school. I asked them, â€Å"If a school requested a 500-word essay, would you submit a 511-word essay?† One of the potential law school applicants said that he would have no problem doing so. Guess what? The admissions committee would be justified in choosing not to read a single one of those 511 words. If you were an admissions officer, would you want someone in your law school who could not follow instructions? Tip #3: Dont Go On †¦ and On †¦ and On †¦ Another common tendency is to provide more information than the company has requested. This tendency can get you into trouble. For instance, a newspaper asked how the candidate had become interested in the field of journalism. The candidate drafted almost an entire paragraph about why she did not want to be a lawyer even though she had attended law school. She had read into the question something that simply was not there. I made sure she wrote a great story about her path to journalism, instead of an apology about why she did not do something else. Tip #4: Get a Second Opinion It’s more difficult than you might think to answer questions and to answer them accurately and well. If you are working on a set of essay questions for a job or college application, get a second pair of eyes to make sure your answers have addressed the questions asked – no more and no less. Don’t shoot yourself in the foot! If you truly answer the questions, you will position yourself to possibly get an interview – where you will get to answer yet more questions, and maybe have a chance to elaborate on the things you were so smart to leave out of your essays. If youd like The Essay Expert to be your second pair of eyes, wed be happy to help you with your application essay. Click here to contact us for more information.

Simple Random Sampling vs. Systematic Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling vs. Systematic Random Sampling When we form a statistical sample we always need to be careful in what we are doing. There are many different kinds of sampling techniques that can be used.  Some of these are more appropriate than others. Often what we think would be one kind of sample turns out to be another type. This can be seen when comparing two types of random samples. A simple random sample and a systematic random sample are two different types of sampling techniques. However, the difference between these types of samples is subtle and easy to overlook.  We will compare systematic random samples with simple random samples. Systematic Random vs. Simple Random To begin with, we will look at the definitions of the two types of samples that we are interested in.  Both of these types of samples are random and suppose that everyone in the population is equally likely to be a member of the sample. But, as we will see, not all random samples are the same. The difference between these types of samples has to do with the other part of the definition of a simple random sample. To be a simple random sample of size n, every group of size n must be equally likely of being formed. A systematic random sample relies on some sort of ordering to choose sample members. While the first individual may be chosen by a random method, subsequent members are chosen by means of a predetermined process. The system that we use is not considered to be random, and so some samples that would be formed as a simple random sample cannot be formed as a systematic random sample. An Example Using a Movie Theater To see why this is not the case, we will look at an example. We will pretend that there is a movie theater with 1000 seats, all of which are filled. There are 500 rows with 20 seats in each row. The population here is the entire group of 1000 people at the movie. We will compare a simple random sample of ten moviegoers with a systematic random sample of the same size. A simple random sample can be formed by using a table of random digits. After numbering the seats 000, 001, 002, through 999, we randomly choose a portion of a table of random digits. The first ten distinct three digit blocks that we read in the table are the seats of the people who will form our sample.For a systematic random sample, we can begin by choosing a seat in the theater at random (perhaps this is done by generating a single random number from 000 to 999). Following this random selection, we choose this seat’s occupant as the first member of our sample. The remaining members of the sample are from the seats that are in the nine rows directly behind the first seat (if we run out of rows since our initial seat was in the back of the theater, we start over in the front of the theater and choose seats that line up with our initial seat). For both types of samples, everyone in the theater is equally likely to be chosen. Although we obtain a set of 10 randomly chosen people in both cases, the sampling methods are different. For a simple random sample, it is possible to have a sample that contains two people who are sitting next to each other. However, by the way that we have constructed our systematic random sample, it is impossible not only to have seat neighbors in the same sample but even to have a sample containing two people from the same row. What’s the Difference? The difference between simple random samples and systematic random samples may seem to be slight, but we need to be careful. In order to correctly use many results in statistics, we need to suppose that the processes used to obtain our data were random and independent. When we use a systematic sample, even if randomness is utilized, we no longer have independence.

Report on Religious Field Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report on Religious Field Research - Essay Example When I listened to Boundless Light Sangha (live meditation and Dharma message service) sitting at my home, I realized that Buddhism is much more than we think it is. I came to know many things about Buddhism that I didn’t know before and yes, definitely some misunderstandings were cleared. Buddhism is basically more of a saintly religion which focuses mainly on the personal religious development and accomplishment of profound insight into the genuine nature of life. It is a philosophy of enlightenment, meditation, morality, and wisdom (Boundless Light Sangha, 2012). The biggest conflict people have about Buddhism is whether it is a religion or not. It primarily depends on how you define religion. Some people define religion as the belief in the presence of one or more than one deities. According to this definition, Buddhism is not a religion. But, others exclude deities from the definition of religion and according to them, Buddhism is a religion. According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, religion is any defined set or system of worship and belief which involves adoration of a supernatural entity. Pertaining to this definition, Buddhism would not be considered a religion. But then again, as I described earlier, there are more than 300 million practitioners of Buddhism all around the world and this wasn’t possible if all these people didn’t regard it to be a religion (In Guralnik, 1970). The second biggest misconception most of us have about Buddhism is that it is a pagan religion which means that they usually belief in gods or gods other than the usual worldwide accepted Christian God. However, Buddhists don’t usually restrict themselves to God or god(s). They are mainly focused about Dharma, which is not a belief into god or god(s). It is belief in reality or truth. Therefore, when a tragic or depressing event occur in our lives or our loved ones, Buddhists, like people of other religion won’t ask â€Å"Why did you do this to me God?!† That is

Economist & Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman Term Paper

Economist & Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman - Term Paper Example In addition, that  economics is ever changing, not stagnant. He has applied increasing returns theory to international trade and geographic clustering (Krugman and Helpman p.84).  Ã‚   Professional Profile He is acknowledged worldwide as a leader in the fields of  economic geography  and the role of increasing returns in shaping  international trade.  At MIT, he became the Ford International Professor of Economics. He has been a professor of Economics and International Affairs in Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, and currently with Princeton (New York Times). He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a member of the Group of Thirty. He has also worked as an advisor to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations, and to a number of countries such as Portugal and Philippines (Speakers of Substance ). Recently, he was President of th e Eastern Economic Association and a centenary professor at the London School of Economics. Krugman is also the author and editor of about 18 books and over 200 professional journal articles, mostly on international trade and finance. ... 08 he won Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for amplification on models of  international trade  and the geographical concentration of wealth, by probing the effects of  economies of scale  and of consumer preferences for varied goods and services. Furthermore, in recognition of his work, he received the John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association, an award given every two years to the top economist under the age of 40.Paul Krugman was awarded the  2011 Gerald Loeb Award  for Commentary for his "Paul Krugman Columns" in the  New York Times (New York Times). Amongst other Krugman’s credentials include, in 2011 he was among the top 50 influential individuals in global finance and Foreign Policy’s  Top 100 Global Thinkers 2010 and 2009. In 1992, he was a member to a team of economist on international appointed by President Reagan to deal with the recession New Trade Theory His professional repute is largely owed to his work in inte rnational trade and finance; he is the initiator of the "new trade theory," a major rethinking of the theory of international trade (Krugman p.286, 1994). New Trade Theory by Paul Krugman brings the determinants of comparative advantage into the model. This theory seeks to explain trade between comparable countries was projected in a 1979 paper in the  Journal of International Economics. It is based on two assumptions economies of scale and consumer’s preference for diversity of products. New Trade theory took into consideration the transportation costs, which was the source of the home market effect (Krugman 109-116, 1997). This implies that due to economies of scale countries specialize in production of specific products. Moreover, despite a country having no comparative advantage in trade it may be in a